Daniel P. Barron

1 Then Joshua was lead by the Spirit into the wilderness to be ⁱ tempted ⁱⁱ by the Devil. ⁱⁱⁱ 2 And when he fasted 40 days and 40 nights, afterwards he was hungry. 3 And coming to him, the tempter said, “If you are son of God, ^iv tell these stones to become bread.” 4 But he answered saying, “It is written, ‘Not by bread alone shall man live, but by every word ^v going out through ^vi the mouth of God.’” ^vii

5 Then the Devil takes him to the holy city, ^viii sets him upon the pinnacle of the temple, ^ix 6 and says to him, “If you are son of God, throw yourself down. For it is written, ‘His messengers he shall command concerning you,’ and ‘Upon their hands they shall carry you, lest you strike your foot against a stone.’” ^x 7 Joshua ^xi said to him, “Again it is written, ‘You shall not test ^xii the Lord your God.’” ^xiii

8 Again the Devil takes him to a very high mountain and shows him all the kingdoms of the world ^xiv and their glory. 9 And he says to him, “All these I will give you, if falling down you worship me.” 10 Then Joshua says to him, “Get behind me, Satan! ^xv For it is written, ‘The Lord your God you shall worship and him only shall you serve.” 11 Then the Devil left him, and behold, messengers ^xvi came and cared for him.

12 And when Joshua heard that John had been delivered up, ^xvii he departed to Galilee. 13 And leaving Nazareth, he came and dwelt in Capernaum, which is by the sea, in the region of Zebulun ^xviii and Naphtali, ^xix 14 so that what was said by Isaiah the prophet might be fulfilled, saying,

15 “The land of Zebulun and the land of Naphtali, by the way of the sea, on the other side of the Jordan, Galilee of the Gentiles: ^xx 16 The people who sat in darkness, saw a great light, and those sitting in the area and shadow of death, light has dawned to them.”

17 From then Joshua began to preach and say, “Repent, ^xxi for the kingdom of the heavens is near.” ^xxii

18 And ^xxiii walking ^xxiv by the sea of Galilee, he saw two brothers, Simon ^xxv who is called Peter, ^xxvi and Andrew ^xxvii his brother, casting a net into the sea, for they were fishermen. 19 And he said to them, “Come after me, and I will make you fishermen of men.” 20 And immediately leaving the net they followed him.

21 And going on from there, he saw two other brothers, James ^xxviii that of Zebedee, ^xxix and John his brother, in the boat with Zebedee their father, mending their nets. And he called them. 22 So immediately they left the boat and their father and followed him. ^xxx

23 And Joshua went about all Galilee teaching in their synagogues and preaching the good news ^xxxi of the kingdom and healing every disease ^xxxii and every malady ^xxxiii among the people. 24 And the report ^xxxiv of him went into all Syria. And they brought to him all who had it bad ^xxxv afflicted with various diseases and torments, and who were demoniacs ^xxxvi and moonstruck ^xxxvii and paralytics. ^xxxviii And he healed them. 25 And many crowds followed him from Galilee and Decapolis ^xxxix and Jerusalem and Judea and the other side of the Jordan.

Matthew 3 - Matthew 5

Translated by Darwin Fish. See original pdf. ^xl

1. purpose - Matthew 6:13 (Psalm 141:4); James 1:13 ^
2. πειρασθηναι (peirasthêvai) - from πειραζω (peirazô) - this is used for temptation (enticement to sin, e.g. Galatians 6:1; James 1:13-14), to attempt (try) something (e.g. Acts 9:26; 16:7; 24:6), and to test (John 6:6; 2 Corinthians 13:5; Revelation 2:2). ^
3. διαβολου (diabolou) - “Devil” - This same name is found also in Matthew 4:5, 8, 11; 13:39; 25:41; Luke 4:2, 3, 6, 13; 8:12; John 6:70; 8:44; 13:2; Acts 10:38; 13:10; Ephesians 4:27; 6:11; 1 Timothy 3:6-7, 11 (διαβολους); 2 Timothy 2:26; 3:3 (διαβολοι); Titus 2:3; Hebrews 2:14; James 4:7; 1 Peter 5:8; 1 John 3:8-10; Jude 9; Revelation 2:10; 12:9, 12; 20:2, 10. ^
4. Εἰ υἱὸς εἶ τοῦ θεου (Ei huios ei tou theou) “If you are son of God” - usually, the definite article is used with “son of God” when refering to Christ. Yet, it is without the definite article here and also in Matthew 4:6 (same context, Luke 4:3, 9); Matthew 8:29 (Luke 8:28; Mark 5:7); 27:40; Mark 1:1. ^
5. ρηματι (rêmati) ^
6. δια (dia) - more literally, “through” ^
7. Both physically and spiritually, man lives by His word (Jeremiah 32:27; Job 34:14-15; Hebrews 1:3; 2 Peter 3:7; John 20:31). ^
8. Jerusalem (Nehemiah 11:1; Isaiah 52:1; Revelation 21:2) ^
9. The entire verse is in the present tense (historical present). ^
10. Psalm 91:11-12 ^
11. Joshua was a prudent man (Proverbs 22:3; 27:12). ^
12. εκπειρασεις (ekpeiraseis) - from εκπειραζω (ekpeirazô) found also in Luke 4:12; 10:25; and 1 Corinthians 10:9. ^
13. Deuteronomy 6:16 (Massah? See Exodus 17:1-7). For testing God, see also Numbers 14:22 (Psalm 78:18-42a, 56-58); Acts 5:9; 15:10. From these verses we see that testing God has to do with not believing in Him and provoking Him to anger. See also Malachi 3:15. Ahaz says he won’t test God, but he is rebuked (Isaiah 7:10-13). Was Gideon testing God in Judges 6:36-40? ^
14. κοσμου (kosmou) - “world” - this is the more common word for “world.” It is found about 187 times in the NT (e.g. Matthew 5:14; 13:35, 38; 16:26; 18:7; 1 John 2:2, 15-16; 5:4-5, 19; etc.). See also Luke 2:1 and footnote for the “inhabited world.” ^
15. Σατανα (satana) - "Satan" - from Hebrew שָׂטָן (sâtân) meaning "adversary" (e.g. Numbers 22:22, 32; 1 Kings 11:14). In the New Testament σατανας (satanas) "satan" is used with the definite article referring to Satan the person most of the time (Matthew 12:26 [2x]; Mark 1:13; 3:26; 4:15; Luke 10:18; 11:18; 13:16; 22:31; John 13:27; Acts 5:3; 26:18; Romans 16:20; 1 Corinthians 5:5; 7:5; 2 Corinthians 2:11; 11:14; 1 Thessalonians 2:18; 2 Thessalonians 2:9; 1 Timothy 1:20; 5:15; Revelation 2:9, 13 [2x], 24; 3:9; 12:9; 20:2, 7). Yet, it is found without the definite article where it is clearly speaking of the person Satan in Luke 22:3 (compare with John 13:27) and 2 Corinthians 12:7. Compare Mark 3:23 (without the definite article) with Matthew 12:26 (with the definite article). Σατανας (Satanas) is also found without the article in Matthew 4:10; 16:23; Mark 8:33 where all three are υπαγε οπισω μου, σατανα (hupage opisô mou, satana) "Get behind me, Satan" (or adversary). In Matthew 4:1 Joshua is speaking to Satan. In Matthew 16:23 & Mark 8:33 He is talking to Peter. ^
16. Mark 1:13 ^
17. παρεδοθη (paredothê) - “delivered up” (NAS footnotes “Lit. delivered up”) - from παραδιδωμι (paradidômi) - “to hand over,” “deliver” (e.g. Matthew 5:25; 10:17, 19, 21; 11:27; 18:34; 20:19; Romans 1:24, 26, 28; 4:25) also translated “betray” (e.g. Matthew 10:4; 17:22; 20:18). NKJV & NIV translate “had been put in prison,” KJV “was cast into prison,” NAS “had been taken into custody.” The Greek word for “prison” is not in this text as it is in Acts 8:3 (παρεδιδου εις φυλακην [paredidou eis phulakên]) and 22:4 (παραδιδους εις φυλακας [paradidou eis phulakas]) where the Greek words for both “delivered” and “prison” are found. ^
18. ζαβουλων (zaboulôn) ^
19. νεφθαλειμ (nephaleim) ^
20. εθνων (ethnôn) - “Gentiles” - KJV, NKJV, NAS (with footnote “Or nations”), NIV “Gentiles.” See also Matthew 10:5-6; 15:24. ^
21. Repent means to stop doing evil (e.g. Jeremiah 25:5; Ezekiel 18:30; Revelation 9:20-21). ^
22. Matthew 12:28; Luke 11:20; 10:8-11; 17:20-21 ^
23. The Received Text has ο ιησους (ho iêsous), that is, “the Joshua.” ^
24. Genesis 3:8 ^
25. σιμωνα (simôna) - “Simon” - he is also called Συμεὼν (Sumeôn) “Sumeon” in Acts 15:14; 2 Peter 1:1. ^
26. πετρον (petron) - “Peter” - Simon got this name from Joshua (Mark 3:16; Luke 6:14; John 1:42, see also footnote for John 1:42) ^
27. ανδρεαν (andrean) - “Andrew” ^
28. ιακωβον (iakôbon) - “James” - This is very close to the name Jacob (ιακωβ, iakôb). ^
29. ζεβεδαιου (zebedaiou) - “Zebedee,” this man is seen in Mark 1:20 fishing and is left behind. ^
30. Matthew gives no overall context, but it appears John 1:35-42 happened before this event in Matthew. ^
31. εὐαγγέλιον (euangelion) - “good news” - KJV, NKJV, NAS “gospel” = “good news.” This can be seen via LXX in e.g. 2 Samuel 18:27 “good news” בְּשׂוֹרֳה טוֹבֳה (besorâh tovâh) = εὐαγγελίαν (euangelian), and via related verb see footnote for Matthew 11:5. There is also “good news” (Proverbs 25:25) שְׁמוּעֳה ט֜וֹבָֹה (shemu`ah tovâh), LXX ἀγγελία ἀγαθὴ (angelia agathê) = “good message.” ^
32. πασαν νοσον (pasan noson) both words are in the singular form, thus - “every disease” - KJV “all manner of sickness,” NKJV “all kinds of diseases,” NAS “every kind of disease,” NIV “every disease.” ^
33. μαλακιαν (malakian) - “malady” - found also in Matthew 9:35; 10:1 (LXX Deuteronomy 7:15; 28:61; Isaiah 38:9). ^
34. ακοηakoh (akoê) - literally “ear.” ^
35. κακως εχοντας (kakôs echontos) - “had it bad” - more literally, “having badly.” ^
36. δαιμονιζομενους (daimonizomenous) - “demonized” - e.g. Mark 5:1-20 ^
37. σεληνιαζομενους (selêniazomenous) “moonstruck” or “lunatics” (KJV “lunatick”) - also found in Matthew 17:15. NKJV, NAS has “epileptics,” NIV “those having seizures,” which appears to be supported by Matthew 17:15 (see also Mark 9:17-29). The word for moon in Greek is σεληνη (selênê), e.g. Matthew 24:29. See also Psalm 121:6. ^
38. παραλυτικους (paralutikous) - “paralytics” - found also in Matthew 8:6; 9:2, 6; Mark 2:3-5, 9; Luke 5:24; John 5:3. ^
39. δεκαπολεως (dekapoleôs) - literally “Ten Cities.” ^
40. Mirrored here. ^