Daniel P. Barron

1 And it was, when Joshua finished all these words, he said to his disciples, 2 “You know that after two days is the Passover, and the son of the man is delivered ⁱ over to be crucified.”

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3 Then the chief priests and the scribes and the elders of the people came together at the courtyard ⁱⁱ of the chief priest, ⁱⁱⁱ who is called Caiaphas, ^iv 4 and plotted so that in deceit they might arrest and kill Joshua. 5 And they said, “Not in the feast, lest there be an uproar in the people.”

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6 And Joshua being in Bethany in the house of Simon the leper, 7 a woman came to him having an alabaster flask ^v of expensive fragrant oil and she poured it upon his head as he reclined. 8 And his disciples seeing it were angry, saying, “Why this destruction? ^vi 9 For this fragrant oil could have been sold for much and given to the poor.”

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10 And knowing, Joshua said to them, “Why do you bring trouble to the woman? For she did a good work unto me. 11 For the poor you always have with you, but me you do not always have. 12 For in her throwing this fragrant oil upon my body, she did it to prepare me for burial. 13 Truly I say to you, wherever this good news is preached in the whole world, it will be spoken also what she did in memory of her.”

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14 Then one of the twelve, the one called Judah ^vii Iscariot, going to the chief priests, 15 said, “What are you willing to give me if I deliver him to you?” And they weighed ^viii to him thirty pieces of silver. 16 And from then, he was seeking an opportunity so that he might deliver him.

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17 And on the first of the unleavened bread, ^ix the disciples came to him, saying to him, “Where do you desire we prepare for you to eat the Passover?” 18 And he said, “Go into the city to the certain one ^x and say to him, 'The teacher says, “My time is near. To you ^xi I am doing the Passover with my disciples.”'” 19 And the disciples did as Joshua directed them, and prepared the Passover.

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20 And being late, ^xii he was reclining with the twelve. 21 And while they were eating, he said, “Truly I say to you that one out of you shall betray me.” 22 And being extremely sad, each of them began to say to him, “It is not ^xiii I, Lord, is it?” 23 And answering he said, “The one who dipped the hand with me in the dish, this one will betray me. 24 The son of the man indeed goes just as it has been written about him, but woe to that man by whom the son of the man is betrayed! Good was to him, if that man was not born.” 25 And answering, Judah, the one betraying him, said, “It is not I, Rabbi, is it?” He says to him, “You said it.” ^xiv

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26 And while they were eating, Joshua took the bread and giving thanks, he broke it and gave it to the disciples, and said, “Take, eat, this is my body.” 27 And taking the cup and giving thanks, he gave it to them, saying, “All drink out of it, 28 for this is my blood which is the new covenant which is shed for many for forgiveness of sins. 29 And I say to you that I will by no means drink from now out of this the product ^xv of the vine until that day when I drink it with you new in the kingdom of my father.” 30 ^xvi And singing a hymn, they went unto the mountain of the olives.

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31 Then Joshua says to them, “All of you shall be made to stumble because of me in this night, for it has been written, 'I will strike the shepherd, and the sheep of the flock will be scattered.' 32 And after I raise, I will go before you into Galilee.” 33 And answering, Peter said to him, “If all are made to stumble because of you, yet I will never be made to stumble.” 34 And Joshua said to him, “Truly I say to you that in this night, before a rooster makes noise, three times you will deny me.” ^xvii 35 Peter said to him, “If it is necessary for me with you to die, I will by no means deny you.” And all the disciples also likewise spoke.

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36 Then Joshua comes with them into a place ^xviii called Gethsemane, ^xix and says to his disciples, “Sit here until which going I pray there.” 37 And taking along Peter and the two sons of Zebedee, he began to be sorrowful and distressed. ^xx 38 Then Joshua ^xxi says to them, “My soul is very sad unto death. Stay here and be awake ^xxii with me.” 39 And going a little, he fell upon his face praying and saying, “My father, if it is possible, take this cup from me. However, not as I will, but as you.”

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40 And he comes to the disciples and finds them sleeping, and he says to Peter, “So, you are not able to be awake with me one hour? 41 Be awake and pray, that you do not enter into temptation. For the spirit is willing, ^xxiii but the flesh is weak.”

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42 Again, out of a second departing, he prayed, saying, “My father, if it is not possible this cup to be taken from me, unless I drink it, your will be done.” 43 And coming he found them again sleeping, for their eyes were heavy. 44 And leaving them, going, he again prayed for a third time, saying the same word. 45 Then he comes to his disciples and says to them, “You sleep still ^xxiv and rest. Behold, the hour has come and the son of the man is delivered into the hands of sinners. 46 Arise, let us go. Behold, the one who betrays me has come.”

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47 And while he was still speaking, behold, Judah, one of the twelve, came, and with him a large crowd with swords and clubs ^xxv from the chief priests and the elders of the people. 48 And the one betraying him gave them a sign, saying, “Whomever I kiss, ^xxvi it is he. Seize him.” 49 And immediately going to Joshua he said, “Rejoice ^xxvii rabbi!” and kissed ^xxviii him.

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50 And Joshua said to him, “Friend, ^xxix why do you come?” Then coming, they laid the hands upon Joshua and seized him. 51 And behold, one of those with Joshua, stretching out the hand, drew his sword, and striking the slave of the chief priest, cut off his ear. 52 Then Joshua says to him, “Return your sword into its place, for all who take up a sword die ^xxx by a sword. 53 Or do you think that I am not able immediately to call upon ^xxxi my father, and he will provide more than twelve legions ^xxxii of messengers? 54 How then might the writings be fulfilled, that thus it is necessary to be?” 55 In that hour Joshua said to the crowds, “As upon a robber you came out with swords and clubs ^xxxiii to arrest me? I was sitting daily to you, teaching in the temple and you did not seize me. ^xxxiv 56 And this all happened that the writings of the prophets might be fulfilled.” Then all the disciples leaving him, fled.

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57 And those who seized Joshua lead to Caiaphas the chief priest, where the scribes and the elders were gathered. 58 And Peter followed him from a distance until the courtyard of the chief priest. And entering inside he sat with the officers ^xxxv to see the end. 59 And the chief priest and the elders and the whole council were seeking false testimony against Joshua so that they might put him to death, 60 but found none. And many false witnesses coming forward, they found none. But finally, two false witnesses came forward 61 saying, “This one said, 'I am able to destroy the temple of God and within three days to build it.'”

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62 And the chief priest arising said, “Do you answer nothing? What do these testify against you? 63 And Joshua was silent. And answering, the chief priest said to him, “I adjure you by the living God that you tell us if you are the Christ, the son of God.” 64 Joshua said to him, “You said it. However, I say to you, from now you shall see the son of the man sitting at the right of the power and coming upon the clouds of the heaven.”

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65 Then the chief priest tore his garments, saying that, “He blasphemed! What further need do we have for witnesses? Look now, you heard his blasphemy! 66 What do you think?” And answering they said, “He is deserving of death.” 67 Then they spit into his face and beat him, and they slapped, ^xxxvi 68 saying, “Prophesy to us, Christ! Who is the one who hit you?”

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69 And Peter sat outside in the courtyard. And one servant girl came to him, saying, “You also were with Joshua of Galilee.” ^xxxvii 70 And he denied before them all, saying, “I do not know what you are saying.” 71 And when he went out into the gateway, another ^xxxviii saw him and says to them there, “This one also was with Joshua the Nazarene.” ^xxxix 72 And again he denied with an oath that, “I do not know the man!” 73 And after a little while those who stood by came to Peter saying, “Truly, you also are out of them, for also your speech makes you evident.”

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74 Then he began to curse ^xl and swear ^xli that, “I do not know the man!” And immediately a rooster made noise. 75 And Peter remembered the word of Joshua spoken to him that, “Before a rooster makes a noise, three times you will deny me.” And going outside he wept bitterly.

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Matthew 25 - Matthew 27

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Translated by Darwin Fish. See original pdf. ^xlii

1. paradidotai (paradidotai) - “is delivered” - present tense ^
2. aulhn (aulên) - "courtyard" – see footnote in Luke 11:21. ^
3. arcierewv (archiereôs) – “chief priest” - KJV, NKJV, NAS “high priest” - same noun but singular form as the plural noun earlier in this verse for “chief priests” (KJV, NKJV, NAS) arciereiv (archiereis). arcierewv (archiereôs) “chief priest” is translated by the NKJV & NAS as “chief priest” in Acts 19:14 (KJV “chief of the priests”). ^
4. kaiafa (kaiapha) – “Caiaphas” - This is the one who prophesied the death of Christ (John 11:49; 18:14). ^
5. alabastron (alabastron) – “alabaster flask” ^
6. apwleia (apôleia) - “destruction” - see footnote for Matthew 7:13. ^
7. Ἰούδας (Ioudas) - “Judah” - typically translated “Judas” - see footnote for Matthew 10:4. ^
8. esthsan (estêsan) – “weighed” - KJV “covenanted;” NKJV “counted;” NAS “weighed” - this verb is from isthmi (istêmi) which is a common word in the NT and has a variety of meanings depending on the context. Its basic meaning is to stand (e.g. Matthew 27:11). The Greek word for “covenanted” (KJV) is diatiyhmi (diatithêmi), e.g. Hebrews 8:10; 10:16 (covenant that “I will make”); Acts 3:25. The Greek word for “counted” (as in NKJV) is sumqhfizw (sumpsêphizô) found only in Acts 19:19. In the LXX isthmi (istêmi) is used for “weighed” in 2 Samuel 14:26 (esthse [estêse]); Ezra 8:25-26 (esthsa [estêsa]); Job 6:2 (istwn sthsai [istôn stêsai] “fully weighed”); 28:15 (stayhsetai [stathêsetai]); 31:6 (estamai [estamai]); Isaiah 40:12 (esthse [estêse]); Zechariah 11:12 (esthsan [estêsan]). ^
9. azumwn (azumôn) - “unleavened bread” - see footnote for Mark 14:1. ^
10. ton deina (ton deina) - “the certain one” - only found here. Apparently, the idea is “so-and-so.” ^
11. prov se (pros se) - “To you” - KJV, NKJV, NAS “at your house” ^
12. oqiav (opsias) - “late” NKJV “evening” - used for “late” (NKJV) e.g. Mark 11:11 or “evening” (NKJV). ^
13. The negative mhti (mêti) is used here, so to complete the idea in English "is it" is added. ^
14. Even at this and afterward, the disciples don't get it. Here and in Mark 14:18 He mentions it while they ate. He mentions it again in Luke 22:20-22 after supper while He deals with the cup of the covenant. He mentions it again after the foot washing in John 13:25-30. ^
15. γεννήματος (gennêmatos) - “product” - more literally, “offspring.” For example, this same root word is also only found in Matthew 3:7 (“brood”); 12:34 (“brood”); 23:33 (“brood”); Mark 14:25 (“fruit”); Luke 3:7 (“brood”); 12:18 (“crops” see also footnote); 22:18 (“fruit”); 2 Corinthians 9:10 (“fruits”). See also footnote for Luke 12: ^
16. See John 13-14:31. All that before going out. ^
17. Matthew, Luke (22:34), and John (13:38) all record Joshua telling Peter a rooster will not make a noice until he denies the Lord three times. Mark 14:30 reveals Christ also told Peter, “this night before which twice a rooster makes a noise, three times you will deny me” (TT). The first was fulfilled (Matthew, Luke, John) and the second (Mark), which dictates a total of six denials on Peter's part, and a total of three rooster crows (recorded) all on that same night.

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    Some might argue that there could have been a total of five denials on Peter's part if the first rooster crow in Matthew, Luke, and John was the first of the two in Mark. Yet, if that is mixed, so are the denials, and the two rooster crows in Mark would be after five denials. The events are two, as Peter was told by Christ both would happen. Note also, in the rooster crow in Matthew (26:74), Luke (22:60), and John (18:27), the rooster immediately makes a noise. In the first denial in Mark (14:68), Peter denies, then goes outside, and then a rooster makes a noise. Also, in Matthew 26:75 & Luke 22:61 Peter remembers the explicit words of Christ, “in this night, before a rooster makes noise, three times you will deny me” (TT). Then Peter goes out and weeps (Matthew 26:75; Luke 22:62). In Mark (14:72) at the second crow (= 3rd crow of the night), Peter remembers the explicit words of Christ, “Before a rooster is to make a noise twice, you will deny me three times” (TT). And Mark records, “And thinking upon it, he wept” (TT). Peter thought upon an additional three denials, with two more rooster crows, and wept a second time.

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    See also footnote for Matthew 26:69. ^

18. cwrion (chôrion) - “place” - see footnote for John 4:5. ^
19. Geyshmanh (Gethsêmanê) - “Gethsemane” - apparently from ynem;v] tG' (gat shemânêy). tG' (gat) is "wine press" (e.g. Judges 6:11) and ynem;v] (shemânêy) is the plural construct of "oil", ÷m,v, (shemen), thus, apparently "oils press of". tG' (gat) is also the name of the Philistine city of "Gath" (e.g. 1 Samuel 6:17). ^
20. adhmonein (adêmonein) - “distressed” NAS - KJV “very heavy;” NKJV “deeply distressed” - only also found in Mark 14:33 (NKJV “deeply distresssed”) & Philippians 2:26 (NKJV “distressed”). ^
21. o ihsouv (ho iêsous) - “Joshua” - not found in the Received or Critical Texts. See footnote for Matthew 1:1. ^
22. grhgoreite (grêgoreite) - “be awake” - see footnote for Luke 12:37. ^
23. proyumon (prothumon) - “willing” - found also only in Mark 14:38; Romans 1:15 (“ready” NKJV). ^
24. loipon (loipon) - “still” - KJV “on now;” NKJV “still;” NAS “still” - this word is used e.g. for “remaining” in Revelation 8:13; “rest” in 2 Peter 3:16; Revelation 11:13; “other” in Matthew 25:11; Acts 2:37; 1 Corinthians 9:5; “from now on” in 1 Corinthians 7:29; etc.. KJV translates this section, “Sleep on now, and take your rest.” NKJV “Are you still sleeping and resting?” NAS “Are you still sleeping and taking your rest?” with footnote, “Or, Keep on sleeping therefore.” Exact meaning unknown. ^
25. xulwn (xulôn) - “clubs” - same word used for clubs in Matthew 26:55; Mark 14:43, 48; Luke 22:52 (see that footnote). ^
26. filhsw (philêsô) - “kiss” - see footnotes for Luke 22:47-48, Matthew 6:5. ^
27. caire (chaire) singular imperative - “rejoice” - KJV, NAS “Hail;” NKJV “Greetings.” This same exact word, caire (chaire), is found in Matthew 27:29; Mark 15:18; John 19:3 (“Hail”); Luke 1:28 (“Rejoice”). Same imperative verb but plural form (cairete [chairete]) is found in Matthew 5:12; 28:9; Philippians 3:1; 4:4; 1 Thessalonians 5:16; 1 Peter 4:13 (“rejoice”). The noun for “greeting” is aspasmov (aspasmos, e.g. Matthew 23:7; Luke 1:29, 41, 44; Colossians 4:18). The verb “greet” is aspasomai (aspasomai, e.g. Matthew 5:47; 10:12; Mark 9:15; Romans 16:3, 5-16, 21-23). ^
28. katefilhsen (katephilêsen) – "kissed" – found also only in Mark 14:45; Luke 7:38, 45; 15:20; Acts 20:37. ^
29. etaire (etaire) - “Friend” - found also only in Matthew 11:16 (Received Text); 20:13; 22:12. ^
30. apoyanountai (apothanoutai) - “die” - Critical and Received Texts have apolountai (apolountai) - “perish.” ^
31. parakalesai (parakalesai) - “to call upon” ^
32. legewnav (legeônas) - "legions" - according to history, during the time of Augustus a legion was about 6000 soldiers. With this figure, it would be about 72,000 (12 x 6000). ^
33. xulwn (xulôn) - “clubs” - see footnote for Luke 22:52. ^
34. They had wanted to for a long time (Luke 4:28-30; John 5:16; 7:1, 25, 30, 43-44; 8:20, 59; 10:39; 11:56-57). John 12:1 marks just six days before the Passover, and John 12:12 marks the next day when Joshua entered Jerusalem. So He was in the temple teaching for about five days. See also Luke 19:47-48; 21:37. ^
35. uphretwn (upêretôn) – “officers” NAS - KJV, NKJV “servants” - see footnote for Matthew 5:25. John 18:18 reveals both douloi (douloi) “slaves” and uphretai (upêretai) “officers” were there by the fire. ^
36. errapisan (errapisan) - “slapped” - KJV “smote him with the palms of their hands;” NKJV “struck Him with the palms of their hands;” NAS “slapped Him” - this verb is only also found in Matthew 5:39 (“slaps”). The related noun, rapisma (rapisma) “slap,” is only found in Mark 14:65; John 18:22; 19:3. ^
37. When the three gospels (Matthew, Luke, & John) are compared, it can be seen that all three accusations had an accusatory question (1st John 18:17; 2nd John 18:25; 3rd John 18:26) and accusatory statements (1st Matthew 26:69; Luke 22:56; 2nd Matthew 26:71; Luke 22:58; 3rd Matthew 26:73; Luke 22:59). In the first accusation, a servant girl is identified as the accuser. In the second accusation there is a female accuser (Matthew 26:71 see footnote), a male accuser (Luke 22:58 see footnote), and corporate questioners (John 18:25). In the third accusation there are corporate accusers (Matthew 26:73) and individual(s) (Luke 22:59; John 18:26). Also, when the three gospels are compared, its evident that Peter's three denials are three separate events of denying, for in each event Peter denies the Lord in both the accusations and the questions.

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    For these three gospels compared to Mark's account, see footnote on Matthew 26:34. ^

38. allh (allê) - “another” - feminine noun ^
39. tou nazwraiou (tou nazôraiou) - “the Nazarene” - KJV, NKJV “of Nazareth”- See footnote for Matthew 2:23. ^
40. katayematizein (katathematizein) - “to curse” - only found here. The related noun, katayema (katathema) “curse” is only found in the Critical and Majority Texts in Revelation 22:3 (Received Text has katanayema [katanathema] “curse”). katayematizein (katathematizein) is close to the word anayematizein (anathematizein) “to curse” used in Mark 14:71 (see footnote) for the same event. The difference in these two words is the prefixes,kata (kata) “down” and ana (ana) “up”. ^
41. omnuein (omnuein) - “swear” - see footnote for Mark 14:71. ^
42. Mirrored here. ^