According to Matthew ii
1 The book iii of the history iv of Joshua v Christ, vi son of David, son of Abraham. 2 Abraham begot Isaac, and Isaac begot Jacob, and Jacob begot Judah vii and his brothers. 3 And Judah viii begot Perez and Zerah by Tamar. ix And Perez begot Hezron, x and Hezron begot Ram. xi 4 And Ram begot Amminadab, and Amminadab begot Nahshon; xii and Nahshon begot Salmon. 5 And Salmon begot Boaz xiii by Rahab, xiv and Boaz begot Obed by Ruth. And Obed begot Jesse. 6 And Jesse begot David the king. And David the king xv begot Solomon by her of Uriah.
7 And Solomon begot Rehoboam, and Rehoboam begot Abijah; xvi and Abijah begot Asa. xvii 8 And Asa begot Jehoshaphat, and Jehoshaphat begot Joram; and Joram begot Uzziah. 9 Uzziah begot Jotham, and Jotham begot Ahaz; and Ahaz begot Hezekiah. 10 And Hezekiah begot Manasseh, and Manasseh begot Amon; xviii and Amon begot Josiah. 11 And Josiah begot Jeconiah xix and his brothers about the time of the Babylonian deportation.
12 And after the Babylonian deportation Jeconiah begot Shealtiel, xx and Shealtiel begot Zerubbabel. xxi 13 And Zerubbabel begot Abiud, and Abiud begot Eliakim; xxii and Eliakim begot Azor. 14 And Azor begot Zadok, and Zadok begot Achim; and Achim begot Eliud. 15 And Eliud begot Eleazar, and Eleazar begot Matthan; and Matthan begot Jacob. xxiii 16 Jacob begot Joseph the husband of Mary xxiv of whom was born Joshua xxv who is called Christ.
17 So, all the generations from Abraham until David are fourteen generations, and from David until the Babylonian deportation, fourteen generations, and from the Babylonian deportation until the Christ, fourteen generations.
18 Now the birth of Joshua Christ was as follows: After his mother Mary was engaged to Joseph, before they came together, she was found to be pregnant xxvi by the Holy Spirit. 19 But Joseph, her husband, being righteous, and not wanting her to be openly shamed, xxvii desired to secretly put her away. xxviii 20 But as he thought about these things, behold, a messenger xxix of the Lord appeared to him in a dream saying, “Joseph, son of David, do not be afraid to take Mary your wife, for the one in her is begotten xxx out of the Holy Spirit. 21 And she will bear a son and you shall call his name Joshua, xxxi for he will save his people from their sins.”
22 And this all happened that it might be fulfilled what was spoken by the Lord through the prophet, saying: 23 “Behold, the virgin xxxii will be pregnant xxxiii and shall bear a son, and his name shall be called Immanuel,” xxxiv which is translated, “The God is with us.” xxxv
24 So Joseph was aroused from sleep and did as the messenger of the Lord commanded him, and took his wife; 25 and he did not know her until xxxvi she bore her firstborn xxxvii son. And he called his name Joshua. xxxviii
Translated by Darwin Fish. See original pdf. xxxix
- This is the common English title for this book. ^
- KATA MATQAION (kata matthaion) - “According to Matthew” - This is the title given in the Greek text. ^
- biblov (biblos) ^
- genesewv (geneseôs) - “history” - may also be translated “genealogy,” or “origin.” This word is used in Matthew 1:18 (Critical Text [CT], genesiv, genesis, “birth” NAS); Luke 1:14 (CT, genesei, genesei, “birth” NAS); James 1:23 (genesewv, geneseôs, “natural” NKJV & NAS, NAS footnotes, “Lit., the face of his birth”); 3:6 (CT, genesewv, “life” NAS with footnote “Or existance, origin”). This same exact wording in Matthew 1:1 (biblov genesewv) can be found in Genesis 2:4 in the LXX. There the context is clearly historical, not solely geneological. ^
- Ἰησοῦ (iêsou) – genitive form - “Joshua” - typically translated “Jesus” - The nominative form is Ἰησοῦς (iêsous, e.g. 1 Corinthians 3:11). This is the name Joshua in the Greek. This is evident in Acts 7:45 in the Greek text where it is clearly speaking of Joshua, the son of Nun, and the same exact name, Ἰησοῦ (iêsou), is used. See also Hebrews 4:8, Ἰησοῦς (iêsous). The LXX likewise testifies to ihsouv (iêsous) = Joshua. See e.g. Exodus 33:11 in LXX, ihsouv uiov Nauh (iêsous uios Nauê), which is “Joshua son of Nun.” See also e.g. in LXX Numbers 11:28; 14:6, 30, 38; 26:65; 27:18; 32:12, 28; 34:17; Deuteronomy 1:38; 31:23; 32:44; 34:9; Joshua 1:1; etc.. Joshua's name in Hebrew is ['vu/hyÒ (Yehoshu`a). See more on Joshua's name in the footnote for Exodus 17:9.
It appears "Jesus" is an old transliteration of the Greek name ihsouv (iêsous) and "Joshua" is an old transliteration of the Hebrew name ['vu/hyÒ (Yehoshu`a). In the John Wyclif (1320-1384) Bible ihsouv was transliterated "Jhesu." In the William Tyndale (1490-1536), Geneva Bible (1557-1560), and 1611 KJV it was transliterated "Iesus." Evidently, this morphed into "Jesus." ^
- cristou (christou) - “Christ” = “anointed” or “anointed one” - see footnote for Matthew 24:5. ^
- Ἰούδαν (ioudan) - “Judah” - see next verse Ἰούδας (ioudas) “Judah” - This is the same exact name as what is translated “Judas,” the one who betrayed Christ (e.g. Matthew 26:25, ioudav [ioudas]), the other disciple of Christ named “Judas” the son of James (e.g. Luke 6:16; John 14:22; Acts 1:13, ioudav), “Judas” Jesus’ brother (Matthew 13:55, ioudav), “Judas” of Galilee (Acts 5:37, ioudav), “Judas” in Acts 9:11 (iouda), “Judas” who was also called Barsabas (Acts 15:22, ioudan), and “Jude” (Jude 1, ioudav). “Judas” is the Greek to English form. “Judah” is the Hebrew (hd;WhyÒ [yehudâh]) to English form. LXX has Ιουδας (ioudas) “Judah” e.g. Genesis 35:23; 37:26; 38:1-2, 6-8, 11-12 (2x, Ιουδα [iouda] gentive form, Ιουδας [ioudas] nominative form), etc.. ^
- Ἰούδας (ioudas) - “Judah” ^
- See Genesis 38 ^
- esrwm (esrôm) - “Hezron” is mentioned as the son of Perez in Genesis 46:12. ^
- aram (aram) - “Ram” is mentioned as the son of Hezron in Ruth 4:19. See also 1 Chronicles 2:5, 9. ^
- naasswn (naassôn) - “Nahshon” was the leader of the sons of Judah (Numbers 2:3-4; 10:14). His offering for the dedication of the altar is mentioned in Numbers 7:12-17. ^
- booz (booz, M; CT boev) - “Boaz” - See the book of Ruth. ^
- racab (rachab) - “Rahab” - This could be Rahab the harlot (Joshua 2:1f; 6:17, 22-25; Hebrews 11:31; James 2:25), since Salmon was Nahshon’s son. Since Nahshon was alive during Moses’ time, Salmon could have been contemporaneous with Rahab. ^
- Critical Text leaves out “the king” (o basileuv, ho basileus). ^
- abia (abia) - “Abijah” (2 Chronicles 13:1) is also called “Abijam” (1 Kings 15:1). ^
- asa (asa) - “Asa” - Critical Text has asaf (Asaph). ^
- amwn (amôn) - “Amon” - Critical Text has “amwv” (Amôs). ^
- ieconian (iechonian) - “Jeconiah” - The “Jeconiah” mentioned in the OT is that of the son of Jehoiakim, the son of Josiah (1 Chronicles 3:16-17; Esther 2:6; Jeremiah 24:1; 27:20; 28:4; 29:2). It is evident this is another Jeconiah not mentioned in the OT, since this one was begot by Josiah. This also shows that the lineage does not go through Jehoiakim, since his offspring was cursed (see Jeremiah 22:18-30). ^
- The wording in 1 Chronicles 3:17 makes it sound like the Shealtiel mentioned there is the grandson of Jeconiah. ^
- Ezra 3:2, 8; 5:2; Nehemiah 12:1; Haggai 1:1, 12, 14; 2:2, 23 mention a Shealtiel who had a son by the name of Zerubbabel, but Shealtiel’s father is not mentioned in these; therefore it is not certain which Shealtiel this is. ^
- This is not the Eliakim of Nehemiah 12:40 since that Eliakim was a priest and would therefore have been of the tribe of Levi. This Eliakim is of the tribe of Judah. ^
- These men, Abiud, Eliakim, Azor, Zadok, Achim, Eliud, Eleazar, Matthan, and Jacob are all found only here. ^
- Μαρίας (Marias) - “Mary” - This same name is also spelled mariam (mariam) “Mary” (e.g. Matthew 13:55). In Hebrew this name is “Miriam” (µy:r]mi, miryâm, see LXX, “mariam” in Exodus 15:20). There is this Mary (Matthew 1:18, 20; 2:11; 13:55; etc.) and also Mary Magdalene (Mark 16:9; Luke 8:2), Mary the mother of James the Less and of Joses (Mark 15:40), Mary the sister of Martha (Luke 10:39; John 11:1-2; 12:3); Mary the wife of Clopas (John 19:25); Mary the mother of John (Acts 12:12); and Mary who labored (Romans 16:6). ^
- Ἰησοῦς (iêsous) - “Joshua” - typically translated “Jesus” - see footnote for Matthew 1:1. ^
- en gastri ecousa (en gastri echousa) - “to be pregnant” - more literally, “having in the womb.” ^
- paradeigmatisai (paradeigmatisai) - “to be openly shamed” - This word is found one other place in the NT, Hebrews 6:6 (NKJV “put Him to an open shame”). See also Deuteronomy 22:23-27. ^
- apolusai (apolusai) - “to put . . . away” - Although this is a more literal rendering, the idea is divorce. This word is used for divorce in Matthew 5:31-32; 19:3, (vs. 7 “put . . . away”), 8-9; Mark 10:2, (vs. 4 “dismiss”), 11-12; Luke 16:18. Also, see Deuteronomy 22:23-27. ^
- See footnote for Luke 1:11. ^
- γεννηθὲν (gennêthen) - “begotten” ^
- ihsoun (iêsoun) - “Joshua” - typically translated “Jesus” - see footnote for Matthew 1:1 - “Joshua” ['vu/hyÒ (yehoshu`a) = “Yah is salvation”? Or “Yah saves”? ^
- paryenov (parthenos) - “virgin” - found also only in Matthew 25:1, 7, 11; Luke 1:27 (2x); Acts 21:9; 1 Corinthians 7:25, 28, 34, 36-38; 2 Corinthians 11:2; Revelation 14:4. ^
- en gastri exei (en gastri exei) - “shall be pregnant” - more literally, “shall have in the womb.” ^
- emmanouhl (emmanouêl) - “Immanuel” = lae WnM;[i (`immânu'êl) Isaiah 7:14; 8:8, 10 ^
- mey hmwn o yeov (meth êmôn ho theos) - “The God is with us” ^
- In other words, they did, after the birth of Christ, has sex (see Matthew 13:55-56). ^
- See also Romans 8:29; Colossians 1:15, 18; Hebrews 1:6; and Revelation 1:5. ^
- Ἰησοῦν (iêsoun) – “Joshua” - typically translated “Jesus” - see footnote for Matthew 1:1 ^
- Mirrored here. ^
Simon the Cananite, and Judah Iscariot, who also betrayed him. -- ioudav (ioudas) - “Judah” - typically translated “Judas.” This is the Greek rendition of the Hebrew name “Judah.” Judah (Judas) Iscariot was the son of Simon (John 6:71; 12:4; 13:2, 26). See footnote for Matthew 1:2.
They say to him, "Why then did Moses command to give a certificate of divorce and to send her away?" -- "send . . . away," apolusai (apolusai) is the same exact word for "divorce" in verse 3, apolusai (apolusai). When used for divorce, it is only found here and in Matthew 1:19; 5:31; 19:3; Mark 10:2, 4, 11-12; Luke 16:18.
Then Joshua says to them, “My soul is very sad unto death. Stay here and be awake with me.” -- o ihsouv (ho iêsous) - “Joshua” - not found in the Received or Critical Texts. See footnote for Matthew 1:1.
And your house and your kingdom shall be confirmed forever before you, and your throne will be established forever.” -- After the split in 1 Kings 12, the Northern kingdom dynasties did not last very long. David's lasted all the way to the Babylonian captivity. Moreover, David will yet rule Israel, see Jeremiah 30:9; 34:23-24; Ezekiel 37:24-25; Hosea 3:5. Notice also Jeremiah 33:17, “David shall never lack a man to sit on the throne.” Furthermore, David's throne is established forever also via Christ (Isaiah 9:7; Matthew 1:1 “son of David”). See also Psalm 89 in which Ethan bemoans and questions God about His promise to David.
And the man knew Eve his woman and she conceived and bore Cain and said, “I have acquired a man from Yehvah.” -- “knew” - This kind of language is used for sexual intercourse (e.g. Genesis 4:17, 25; 38:26; Judges 11:39; 19:25; 1 Samuel 1:19; Matthew 1:25; and Luke 1:34).
Greet Mariam, who labored much for us. -- MT & RT Μαριάμ (Mariam); CT Μαρίαν (Marian) - see footnote for Matthew 1:16.
Indeed, the first word I did concerning all, O Theophilus, which Joshua began both to do and teach.. -- Ἰησοῦς (êsous) – “Joshua” - typically translated “Jesus” - see footnote for Matthew 1:1.
And when they entered, they went up into the upper room where they were staying: so Peter, and James, and John, and Andrew, Philip and Thomas, Bartholomew and Matthew, James of Alphaeus and Simon the zealot, and Judah of James. -- Ἰούδας (ioudas) - “Judah” - typically translated “Judas” - see footnote for Matthew 1:2.