Daniel P. Barron

Genesis ⁱ

In The Beginning ⁱⁱ

1 ⁱⁱⁱ In the beginning ^iv Gods, ^v he created ^vi the heavens and the earth. ^vii 2 And the earth was formless ^viii and empty ^ix and darkness was upon the face of the deep; ^x and the Spirit of Gods was hovering ^xi upon the face of the waters. 3 And Gods, he said, “Let there be light, and there was light.” ^xii 4 And Gods, he saw the light that it was good, and Gods, he separated between the light and the darkness. ^xiii 5 And Gods, he called the light “day,” and the darkness he called “night.” And it was evening and it was morning, one day. ^xiv

6 And Gods, he said, “Let there be an extended surface ^xv in the midst of the waters, and let it separate between waters to the waters.” 7 So Gods, he made the extended surface and separated between the waters which were under the extended surface and the waters which were above the extended surface, and it was so. ^xvi 8 And Gods, he called the extended surface “heavens,” and it was evening and it was morning, a second day.

9 And Gods, he said, “Let the waters be gathered under the heavens to one place and let the dry appear.” And it was so. 10 And Gods, he called the dry “earth” and the gathering of the waters he called “seas.” ^xvii And Gods, he saw that it was good. 11 And Gods, he said, “Let the earth sprout grass, herb bearing seed, tree fruit, ^xviii making fruit according to its kind with its seed in it upon the earth.” And it was so. 12 And the earth brought forth grass, herb bearing seed according to its kind and tree making fruit with its seed in it according to its kind, and Gods, he saw that it was good. ^xix 13 And it was evening and it was morning, a third day.

14 And Gods, he said, “Let there be lights in the extended surface of the heavens to separate between the day and the night, and let them be for signs ^xx and for times ^xxi and for days and years; 15 and let there be lights in the extended surface of the heavens to give light upon the earth.” ^xxii And it was so. 16 And Gods, he made the two great lights, the greater light to rule the day and the lesser light to rule the night. ^xxiii He also made the stars. ^xxiv 17 And Gods, he put them in the extended surface of the heavens to give light upon the earth, 18 and to rule in the day and in the night and to separate between the light and the darkness; and Gods, he saw that it was good. 19 And it was evening and it was morning, a fourth day.

20 And Gods, he said, “Let the waters swarm with a swarm ^xxv of living soul, ^xxvi and let flying creatures ^xxvii fly upon the earth, upon the face of the extended surface of the heavens.” 21 So Gods, he created the great serpents ^xxviii and every living soul that moves with which the waters swarm ^xxix according to their kind and every winged flying creature according to his kind. And Gods, he saw that it was good. 22 And Gods, he blessed them saying, “Be fruitful and multiply and fill the waters in the seas and let the flying creature multiply on the earth.” 23 And it was evening and it was morning, a fifth day.

24 And Gods, he said, “Let the earth bring forth ^xxx living soul according to her ^xxxi kind, beast ^xxxii and creeping thing and living thing ^xxxiii of the earth according to her kind,” and it was so. 25 So Gods, he made the living thing of the earth according to its kind, and the beast according to its kind and every creeping thing of the ground according to its kind, and Gods, he saw that it was good. 26 And Gods, he said, “Let us make man ^xxxiv in our image ^xxxv according to our ^xxxvi likeness ^xxxvii and let them ^xxxviii rule over the fish of the sea and over the flying creature of the heavens and over the beast and over the whole earth and over every creeping thing that creeps upon the earth.” 27 So Gods, he created the man in his image, in image of Gods he created him, male and female he created them. 28 And Gods, he blessed them, and Gods, he said to them, “Be fruitful and multiply ^xxxix and fill ^xl the earth and subdue it and rule ^xli over the fish of the sea and over the flying creatures of the heavens and over every living thing that creeps upon the earth.” 29 And Gods, he said, “Behold, I give to you ^xlii every herb bearing seed which is upon the face of the whole earth, and every tree which has in it the fruit of the tree bearing seed, to you ^xliii it shall be for food. 30 And to every living thing of the earth and to every flying creature of the heavens and to every creeping thing upon the earth in which was a living soul, ^xliv every green herb is for food. ^xlv And it was so. 31 And Gods, he saw all that he had made and behold, it was very good. And it was evening and it was morning, a sixth day. ^xlvi

Revelation 22 - Genesis 2

Translated by Darwin Fish. See original pdf. ^xlvii

1. This is the Greek title, GENESIS (genesis), which means “Beginning” or “Origin.” ^
2. This is the Hebrew title, tyviareB] (berê'shiyt). This is the first word in the Hebrew text in Genesis 1:1. ^
3. Before the beginning, wisdom existed (Proverbs 8:22-26). Also, the Lord chose vessels of mercy (Romans 9: 11-23; Ephesians 1:3-5; 2 Timothy 1:9; Revelation 17:8), and Christ was foreknown (NKJV “ordained,” 1 Peter 1:20, Greek, proegnosmenou, proegnwsmenou men pro katabolhv kosmou) and “slain from the foundation of the world” (Revelation 13:8). ^
4. Mathematically, this is the year of 4258 BCL (years Before Christ, that is, Lunar). ^
5. µyhil¿aÔ (elohiym) “Gods” plural noun, used thousands of times to refer to the true God, also used of false Gods (e.g. Exodus 23:13). There is also ללים א') êlim) “Gods” (plural) e.g. Exodus 15:11. Singular “God” is either H'wOlaÔ (eloah), found about 58 times, e.g. Deuteronomy 32:15 (see footnote), or the more common singular lae (êl) “God” e.g. Genesis 12:8 (see footnote), 14:18-20; 16:13; 17:1; 21:33; 28:3; 31:13; 33:20; 35:3, 7; 35:11; 46:3; 48:3; Exodus 34:6, 14 (NKJV both “god” and “God” here are lae [êl]); etc.. See also Genesis 1:26; 3:5, 22; 11:5-9; 20:13; 31:53; 35:7 and footnotes. See also in the appendix, “He is Holy Gods” from Joshua 24:19. ^
6. א אר ב) bârâ') - “created” singular masculine verb (i.e. “he created”) - found also only in Genesis 1:21, 27(3x); 2:3-4; 5:1, 2(2x); 6:7; Exodus 34:10 (“been done”); Numbers 16:30 (NKJV “creates”; KJV “make”); Deuteronomy 4:32; Joshua 17:15 (NKJV “clear a place”; KJV “cut down”), 18 (“cut down”); 1 Samuel 2:29 (“make”); Psalm 51:10(H12); 89:12(H13), 47(H48); 102:18(H19); 104:30; 148:5; Ecclesiastes 12:1; Isaiah 4:5; 40:26, 28; 41:20; 42:5; 43:1, 7, 15; 45:7(2x), 8, 12, 18(2x); 48:7; 54:16(2x); 57:19; 65:17, 18(2x); Jeremiah 31:22; Ezekiel 21:19(H24, NKJV “make” & no translation; KJV “choose” 2x), 30(H35); 23:47 (NKJV “execute”; KJV “dispatch”); 28:13, 15; Amos 4:13; Malachi 1:20. ^
7. In the beginning, God already existed. “Before the mountains were brought forth, or ever You had formed the earth and the world, even from everlasting to everlasting, You are God.” (Psalm 90:2) Repeatedly, God is identified as the One who made the heavens and the earth (e.g. Proverbs 26:10; Isaiah 40:28; 42:5; 45:18; Ephesians 3:9; Revelation 10:6), and several times over Scripture speaks of the God who created (e.g. Psalm 89:11-12; 102:25; 148:5; Isaiah 40:26; 45:11-12; 51:12-13a; Colossians 1:16; Revelation 4:11). So, remember your Creator (Ecclesiastes 12:1). ^
8. See Psalm 139:16 for the idea of substance that is yet unformed. Also, at some point, He drew a circle on the face of the deep (Job 26:10; Proverbs 8:27; see also Job 22:14; Isaiah 40:22). ^
9. “formless and empty,” Whbow: Whto (tohu vâvohu), is used also in Jeremiah 4:23. Isaiah 34:11 uses these words, but not in the same construction, “line of confusion and stones of emptiness” (NKJV), WhboAynEb]a'wÒ WhtoAwq' (qav-tohu ve'avenêy-vohu). “formless,” Whto (tohu), is found in Genesis 1:2; Deuteronomy 32:10 (wilderness); 1 Samuel 12:21 (empty things); Job 6:18 (nowhere); 12:24 (wilderness); 26:7 (empty space); Psalm 107:40 (wilderness); Isaiah 24:10 (confusion); 29:21 (empty words); 40:17 (worthless); 41:29 (confusion); 44:9 (useless); 45:18-19 (vain); 49:4 (nothing); & 59:4 (empty). “empty,” Whbo (vohu), is only found in Genesis 1:2; Jeremiah 4:23 & Isaiah 34:11.

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   This “formless and empty”is a simple statement of the earth being, as it says, without form (e.g. as in Psalm 139:16. See also Proverbs 8:27) and empty (i.e. not filled in yet with, as the context describes, all the things God created, e.g. Genesis 1:22, "fill the waters"). ^

10. See Job 38:4-9 & Psalm 139:11-12. ^
11. “hovering,” tp,j,r'm] (merahephet), is used only one other place, in Deuteronomy 32:11, where God is seen watching for and caring for Israel. ^
12. Light is created without any sun, moon, or stars. These are not created until day four (Genesis 1:14). Note also Job 38:19-21. ^
13. We take this physical reality for granted, but here God actively separates the two. ^
14. Light, darkness, the earth, the waters, and the division of light and darkness were all created in one day, the first day (Genesis 1:1-5; Exodus 20:11). For those who argue against these days being literal 24 hour days, note they have an evening and a morning, and Exodus 20:11 clearly states the heavens and the earth were created in six days; and the context of “days” in Exodus 20:11 is 24 hour days. ^
15. “extended surface” ['yqir; (râqiya`) is used in Genesis 1:6-8, 14-15, 17, 20; Psalm 19:2; 150:1; Ezekiel 1:22-23, 25-26; 10:1; & Daniel 12:3. ^
16. See also Job 37:18; Psalm 104:3; & 148:4. ^
17. See also Psalm 24:2 (“waters,” literally, rivers - [t/rh;nÒ, nehârot]); Psalm 95:1-5 & 136:6 - “To Him who laid out the earth above (NJKV, Hebrew, l[, al, or “upon”) the waters, . . .” ^
18. yriP] Å[e (`êts periy) - “tree fruit” - This is literally how it reads. The idea is, “tree bearing fruit.” ^
19. Psalm 24:1 & 104:16 also mentions the Lord planting trees. ^
20. Signs? See Exodus 10:21-23; Joshua 10:12-14; 2 Kings 20:8-11; Psalm 65:8; Jeremiah 10:2; Daniel 6:27; Matthew 2:1-10; 27:45 & Luke 21:25. ^
21. Times? See Psalm 104:19. ^
22. Even though light was created on that first day (Genesis 1:3), the Lord created more light (lights) to give light upon the earth. See also Psalm 74:16. ^
23. What is the greater and lesser light? See Psalm 136:8-9. ^
24. See Job 9:9; 38:31-33; Psalm 8:3-4; 147:4; Jeremiah 31:35 & 1 Corinthians 15:41. ^
25. “swarm with a swarm”- År,v, . . . Wxr]v]yI (yishretsu . . . sherets), the noun, År,v, (sherets) “swarm,” is found also in Genesis 7:21; Leviticus 5:2; 11:10, 20-21, 23, 29, 31, 41-44; 22:5; Deuteronomy 14:19. The verb, År'v; (shârats) “swarm,” is found also in Genesis 1:21; 7:21; 8:17; 9:7; Exodus 1:7; 8:3 (H7:28); Leviticus 11:29, 41-43, 46; Psalm 105:30; Ezekiel 47:9. See also footnote for Leviticus 5:2. ^
26. “living soul” - hY:j' vp,n< (nephesh hayyâh) is used for animals in Genesis 1:20, 21 (hY:j'h' vp,n, nephesh hahayyâh), 24, 30; 2:19; 9:10 (hY:j'h' vp,n, nephesh hahayyâh), 12, 15-16; Leviticus 11:10 & 46 (hY:j'h' vp,n, nephesh hahayyâh); Job 12:10 (yj;AlK; vp,n, nephesh kol-hây); and Ezekiel 47:9 for creatures, and for man in Genesis 2:7. Man has a body, soul and spirit (1 Thessalonians 5:23) and so do the animals (see Proverbs 12:10, “life”, vp,n<, nephesh). For mention of the spirit of animals, see Ecclesiastes 3:21. For more on hY:j' (hayyâh) “life” see footnote for Leviticus 5:2. For more on vp,n< (nephesh) “soul” see footnote for Genesis 2:7. ^
27. “flying creatures” - ¹/[ (oph), NJKV “birds,” is used in Genesis 40:17 and 1 Samuel 17:44 for birds, but it is also used for insects (or insect like creatures) in Leviticus 11:20-21; Deuteronomy 14:19. ^
28. “serpents” - µnIyNIT'h' (hattanniynim) is used in Exodus 7:9-10 (÷yNIt', tanniyn), 12; Deuteronomy 32:33 (serpent); Nehemiah 2:13 (serpent well); Job 7:12 (serpent); Psalm 74:13 (serpents); 91:13 (serpent); 148:7 (“great sea creatures” NKJV- µnIyNIT' [tanniyniym], with no Hebrew word for “great”); Isaiah 51:9 (serpent); Jeremiah 51:34 (NKJV “monster”); Ezekiel 29:3 (NKJV “monster”); 32:2 (NKJV “monster”). It is also found in Isaiah 27:1 (NKJV- “reptile”) where it is speaking of Leviathan (÷t;y:wÒli, livyâthân) For more on Leviathan see Job 41; Psalm 74:14; and 104:26. ^
29. See also Psalm 104:24-25. ^
30. “Let the earth bring forth” - see Genesis 2:19 and Ecclesiastes 3:18-20. ^
31. ההּממיינִל) lemiynâh) - “according to her kind” - feminine pronominal suffix ^
32. hm;heB] (behêmâh) - NKJV translates this word “cattle” here and elsewhere (e.g. Exodus 20:10). NKJV also translates this “beast” in e.g. Exodus 8:17-18; 9:9-10, 22, 25; etc.. The plural form of this word, t/mheb] (behêmot), for “beasts” found in Habakkuk 2:17 (In this verse, the 3rd masculine verb translated “made . . . afraid,” ÷t'yjiy] [yechiytan], whose subject is dvo [shod], “the plunder” [or “ruin”], has the 3rd feminine plural suffix, which refers back to the “beasts.” Thus, “them” refers to the “beasts.”); Psalm 49:12 (H13), 20 (H21); 50:10 (NKJV “beast” more literally, “beasts”); is also translated, “Behemoth” (t/mheb]), which is a particular animal known as “the first of the ways of God.” See Job 40:15-19. In Psalm 73:22 where the NKJV translates “beast” it is actually “Behemoth,” t/mheB] (behêmot) as in Job 40:15. In Psalm 73 the Psalmist declared himself to be a big beast with God (JM;[i ytiyyih; t/mheB] [behêmot hâyiytiy `imâch]).

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    In Job 12:7 t/mheb] (behêmot) is translated “beasts” (NKJV; KJV; NAS), but the verb with it, òr,to (torechâ), more literally, “it will teach you,” is singular, not plural. This same exact verb, òr,to (torechâ), is found in the next verse (Job 12:8) and translated, “it will teach you” (NKJV) referring to the earth. Thus, Job 12:7 would be more literally translated, “Behemoth.”

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    Likewise, in Jeremiah 12:4 t/mheb] (behêmot) is the subject of the single feminine verb ht;p]s; (sâphtâh). Although the masculine noun ¹/[ (`oph) “bird” (or “birds) is contextually part of the subject, the single feminine verb ht;p]s; (sâphtâh) points to the feminine noun t/mheb] (behêmot) as being understood here as a singular subject, the animal known as Behemoth. Thus, in Jeremiah 12:4 it would be more literally translated “Behemoth and the bird are swept away.” [For another example of a plural noun (other than ים אללהי'] elohiym]) found with a singular verb, see Proverbs 14:1 – WNs,r]h,t, h;yd,y:B] tl,W

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    Also, in Deuteronomy 32:24 NKJV has “teeth of beasts” for t/mheb];A÷v, (shen-behêmot) which is more literally, “tooth of Behemoth.” Also, NKJV has Psalm 73:22 as “I was like a beast before you.” But, it is more literally, “I was behemoth before you." (בִמ ה ל מות הּה יי יתי י עי מּה ך)

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    Moreover, the Lexicon (BDB) classifies the plural construct form, t/mh}b' (bahamot) in Isaiah 30:6 for this same “Behemoth” (t/mheb] [behêmot]), but that verse, in the context, addresses a plurality of beasts, and is found as such (i.e. in construct form for “beasts”) also in Joel 2:22; Job 35:11; Psalm 8:7 (H8); Micah 5:7. Yet, this construct form, t/mh}b' (bahamot), is also found in Joel 1:20, and there it is translated “beasts” (NKJV; KJV; NAS). But, the verb with it, “cry out” g/r[}t' (ta`arog), is singular, not plural. Thus, it would be more literally translated in Joel 1:20 as “Behemoth of the field pants for you” (same verb as in Psalm 42:1 “As the deer pants for the water brooks”). ^

33. “living thing” - /tyÒj' (hayto) - this is the Hebrew word for “living”. NKJV translates this “beast” and can be translated this way, but in Ezekiel 1:5, 13-15, 19-21, 23, for example, the NKJV translates this word “living creatures” from the plural form (t/Yj', hayyot). ^
34. “man” - µd;a; ('âdâm) – same word as for “Adam” (e.g. Genesis 4:25). See footnote for Genesis 5:2. ^
35. “our image” - Wnmel]x' (tsalmênu) - the word here for image, םם םל צ) tselem), is always used for a physical image. See Genesis 5:3; 9:6; Numbers 33:52; 1 Samuel 6:5 (2x), 11; 2 Kings 11:18; 2 Chronicles 23:17; Psalm 39:6 (NKJV “shadow”); 73:20; Ezekiel 7:20; 16:17; 23:14; and Amos 5:26 (“idols”). The Gods make living images of Themselves (“Us”). ^
36. God, who is One God (Deuteronomy 6:4) is nonetheless plural Gods, µyhil¿aÔ ('elohiym). See “He Is Holy Gods” (Joshua 24:19). Here in Genesis 1:26-27 we see God, the eternal man (e.g. Genesis 3:8; 18:1-19:1; 32:22-30/Hosea 12:3-5; Exodus 15:3), the eternal men (“Our image,” “Our likeness,” Daniel 7:9, 13-14; John 8:17-18), make a created man and woman in His, in Their image. For more detail on God’s divine human nature, see the article The Lord Is A Man. ^
37. “likeness” - tWmd] (demut) - used in Genesis 5:1, 3; 2 Kings 16:10 (NKJV “pattern”); 2 Chronicles 4:3; Psalm 58:4(H5, like, characteristically); Isaiah 13:4 (like, characteristically); 40:18 (likeness, physical context); Ezekiel 1:5, 10, 16, 22, 26, 28; 8:2; 10:1, 10, 21-22; 23:15; and Daniel 10:16. The image and likeness Genesis 1:26 speaks of has to do with looks (as should be obvious from the use of the terms, see also Genesis 5:3) as well as behavior (Colossians 3:9-10). Although man’s behavior is marred by sin, the image and likeness still stands true today (see James 3:9). ^
38. דו מִר יי) yirddu) - “let them rule” - plural verb referring back to µd;a; ('âdâm) “man.” This “them” reveals both the male and the female are made in God's image, in Their image (“Us” “Our” “Our”). ^
39. Part of the very first recorded commandment given to man was for them to have sex. ^
40. “fill the earth” - This is commanded again in Genesis 9:1, and this is what they failed to do in Genesis 11. ^
41. This rule, or dominion, was not lost in the fall. This rule continues to this present day (Psalm 8:5-9). ^
42. “ to you” in the Hebrew is plural (µk,l;, lâkhem). ^
43. “to you” in the Hebrew is plural (µk,l;, lâkhem). ^
44. “in which was a living soul” - hY:j' vp,n< /BArv,a} ('asher-bo nephesh hayyâh) - In the animals is a “living soul” (hY:j' vp,n<, nephesh hayyâh). ^
45. Before the flood, vegetarianism was in order. After the flood, meat is given (Genesis 9:2-6). ^
46. See Proverbs 8:28-31. ^
47. Mirrored here. ^